PTEN(PhosphataseandTensinHomologdeletedonChromosome10)isa3’phosphoinositidephosphatasethatconvertsPI(3,4,5)P₃toPI(4,5)P₂,thusopposingPKB/AktactivationbyPI3-K.PTENisinvolvedinneuronalstemcellproliferationandself-renewal,cardiacmyocytehypertrophyandcontractility,andawiderangeofdevelopmentalprocesses.PTEN,however,isbestknownforitsroleasatumorsuppressor.LossofPTENactivityresultsinaccumulationofPI(3,4,5)P₃,abnormalactivationofPKB/Akt,unregulatedcellgrowth,suppressionofapoptosis,andincreasedtumOrigenesisinanumberofhumantissues.IthasalsobeenproposedthatPTENisacandidatefortargetedchemotherapybecausecertainanti-canceragentspreferentiallydestroytumorswithPTENmutations.Inadditiontothisdirectroleincancer,PTENhasrecentlybeenshowntoregulatecancer-associatedpathwaysincludingVEGF-mediatedangiogenesisandothers.
ThePTENActivityELISAdirectlydetectsthephosphoinositideproductcomparedtootherassays,whichdetectfreephosphate.ThiseliminatesmanypossIBLesourcesoferrorduetothefactthatinorganicphosphateistheproductofmanyphosphataseenzymeactivities,andisfoundincommonbuffersandcleaningproducts.TheassayisacompetitiveELISAinwhichthesignalisinverselyproportionaltotheamountofPI(4,5)P₂produced.AfterthePTENreactionsarecomplete,reactionproductsareaddedtothePI(4,5)P₂-coatedmicroplateandaPI(4,5)P₂detectorproteinisthenaddedforcompetitivebinding.Aperoxidase-linkedsecondarydetectorandcolorimetricdetectionisusedtodetectPI(4,5)P2detectorbindingtotheplate.ThecolorimetricsignalisinverselyproportionaltotheamountofPI(4,5)P2producedbyPTEN.

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